In everyday life
It is like giving each student in an exam their own copy of the paper, so no answer lands on someone else’s sheet. They still share the room, the clock and the one pencil sharpener.
One case
Two agents work in one folder of a bank’s phone app at the same time. Agent A fixes the login screen while agent B renames a shared colors file. B’s rename lands in the middle of A’s test run, and A’s tests fail. A decides the failure is its own bug and undoes 40 lines of B’s work.
Giving each agent its own copy of the project to change, such as a separate git worktree or a cloud machine. A worktree keeps its edits from colliding with yours or another agent’s; a separate machine or container can also keep ports, databases and keys apart.
Every case
Agents in one folder share the files, the build output and the running servers. Each one sees changes it did not make and cannot tell whose they are, so failures appear that nobody can repeat. A separate worktreeA second working folder for the same git repo, on its own branch. It keeps the working files apart; it does not separate ports, databases or keys. per agent removes the shared files: each works on its own branch, the work meets only at a merge you control, and a bad attempt is deleted instead of untangled. A worktree does not separate ports, databases or keys, though: two agents can still clash over one test database, so give each its own, or use separate machines when that matters.
The word
Engineers call this
Give each agent its own copy to work in, and its own database and ports when it runs the app. Combine the work later, on purpose, through a merge.